Quran-Based Islam

Much of what you've been taught about Islam is not supported by the Quran

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 0 - READ ME FIRST

Purpose and Intent of This Website and Pre-Reading Preparation

Sources and Recognition

Who Created This Website?

PART 1 - SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1

The Quran - The Final and Complete Message from God

Proof that the Quran is final, complete and the one and only acceptable source of Islamic law

  • The Quran and previous scriptures (e.g. the Jewish Torah and Christian Gospel) are all from the one and only God (3:2-3) (5:46) (61:6)
  • The Quran replaces previous scriptures and tells everyone to believe in it (4:47)
  • Some verses are specific and others are unspecific for a reason (3:7)
  • God never runs out of words (31:27)
  • The Quran is without a doubt clear guidance (huda) (2:2)
  • The Quran is clear proof (burhan) from God (4:174)
  • The Quran is complete (6:115) (6:38)
  • The Quran is fully detailed (fussilat) of all things (6:114) (12:111) (41:3) (11:1)
  • The Quran is clarification (tibyana) of all things (16:89)
  • The Quran provides its own best explanation (ahsan tafsir) (25:33)
  • The Quran is the ultimate scale (mizaan) (42:17)
  • The Quran is evidence (bayyinah) (20:133)
  • The Quran is the criterion (furqan) between right and wrong (25:1)
  • God forbids people from following any law except God’s laws in the Quran (6:114)
  • Whoever judges by other than the Quran, they are Kafir (disbelievers) (5:44)
  • The best hadith (statement) is God’s statement (the Quran) (39:23)
  • The Quran forbids you from following or believing in something without understanding it (17:36)
  • The Quran expects you to study and think deeply about its verses (47:24)
  • God protects the Quran from human tampering / corruption (15:9)
  • No one can alter God’s words (6:115)
  • Don’t spread false information / say a lie against God (16:116)
  • The Quran is in Arabic but only due to circumstances
  • How the Quran was transmitted and preserved
  • Muhammad is the seal of the prophets and the Quran is the last book of God (33:40)

2

The Ahadeeth - Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

Proof that the ahadeeth is an unacceptable source of Islamic law

  • What is ahadeeth?
  • Not everything Muhammad said was a revelation. Muhammad himself only followed what was revealed to him. (10:15), (46:9), (6:50), (7:203)
  • God forbids people from believing in any statement (hadith) or book besides the Quran (45:6) (68:36-38)
  • God forbade the prophet from forbidding something that God never forbade (66:1)
  • The Quran forbids any other source, e.g. ahadeeth, to be used as law (6:114)
  • The prophet’s job was to deliver a message (the Quran) and nothing more (5:99) (42:48) (13:40)
  • Examples of “saheeh” ahadeeth that contradict each other
  • Examples of “saheeh” ahadeeth that contradict the Quran
  • Examples of “saheeh” ahadeeth that are unacceptable and questionable

3

Parents, Islamic Scholars, Popular / Majority Belief, Government, and Tradition

Many people are blind followers and don’t use their brains. Some overcomplicate religion.

  • Many Muslims are blind followers just like Prophet Abraham’s (pbuh) father and his people (21:52-68) (2:170)
  • If you follow and believe most people on earth, they will mislead you (6:116)
  • If you follow some Islamic scholars, they may also mislead you
  • Humans overcomplicate religion
    • Yellow cow example (2:67-71)
    • Astronaut example (2:177) (64:16)
  • The majority belief in something is not a valid proof or argument that it is correct
  • God gave humans a brain for a reason, not to be like cows (8:22) (7:179) (25:44)
  • Circular reasoning
  • Trained monkeys

4

Quran Translations

Examples showing that Quran translations are not always accurate and sometimes misleading

  • Inconsistent translations and interpretations (tafsir)
  • Inaccurate translations

5

Classical Arabic Dictionaries

Reputable dictionaries that can be used to help understand the Quran

6

Conclusion and Method of Analysis

The Quran, Quran Translations and Dictionaries, Common Sense Logic

PART 2 - TOPICS

POPULAR BELIEFS

1

Righteousness - Based on Lineage, Relationships, Companionship, etc.?

Proof that no one, including Muhammad’s wives, are automatically righteous

2

Will There Be a Bridge Over Hell (As-Sirat)?

The Quran doesn’t mention any such bridge and doesn’t indicate there will be any such thing

3

What Does the Quran Mean by “Ask Those That Have Knowledge”?

It doesn’t mean you can just blindly accept the advice of others, e.g. parents, scholars, gurus, etc.

4

Can I Just Blindly Follow What Others (Scholars, Imams, etc) Teach Me?

No. You may only follow what you understand and have proven to yourself.

5

Black Magic - Is It Real?

Proof that black magic is real and can, among other things, cause divorces

6

Gold and Silk - Is Wearing It Forbidden by Men?

Proof that men are allowed to wear gold and silk

7

Ablution (Wudu) - Must You Perform It Before Touching the Quran?

Proof that making ablution before touching the Quran is not required

8

Idolatry (Shirk) - More Than Just Worshipping Statues

An explanation of the different types of idolatry

9

Imam and the Shi’a Imamate - What Exactly is It?

An Quranic examination of the term “Imam”

10

Intercession - Can Anyone Help You on the Day of Judgement?

Proof that no one, including Muhammad (pbuh), can help anyone on the Day of Judgment

11

Gabriel (Jibril) - An Angel or a Spirit?

An Quranic examination as to whether Gabriel is an angel or The Holy Spirit

12

Punishment of Hell - Temporary or Eternal?

A Quranic examination of whether hell is eternal for everyone who goes there

13

Prophet Jesus (pbuh) - Will He Come Back?

Proof that Prophet Jesus (pbuh) will not come back

14

Music and Singing - Is it Forbidden?

Proof that listening to music and singing are not forbidden

15

Nikaah Al-Mut’ah (Temporary Marriage) – Is It Permitted?

Proof that temporary marriage with predetermined duration is forbidden

16

Sects (Sunni, Shia, etc) - Can You Join or Create One?

Proof that dividing into or joining a sect is forbidden

17

Death and Punishment in the Grave - Is There Such a Thing?

A Quranic examination of what happens after death

18

Radhi Allah Unho - A Potentially Dangerous Saying

An Quranic examination of the meaning and whether saying it is allowed

19

Superstitions - One of Satan’s Weapons

Proof that believing in and following superstitions contradictory to the Quran is forbidden

20

Taqiyya (Lying for a Greater Good or Lying to Save Your Life) - Permitted or Forbidden?

Proof that taqiyya is forbidden except in dire situations, e.g. threat of persecution or death

21

The Christian Concept of the “Trinity” and Jesus as Son of God

Proof that the Christian Bible, which Muslims must believe, does not teach the “Trinity”

23

Hadith and Sunna - What’s the Difference?

An explanation of the difference between “hadith” and “sunna”

24

The Night Journey (Isra and Mi’raj) - Did it Really Happen?

An examination of the sources describing The Night Journey

25

The Qibla Change - Mecca to Jerusalem and Back to Mecca Again

An analysis showing that the Qibla was originally at the Kaa’ba and was not once, but twice

26

Will an Actual Trumpet be Blown on the Day of Calamity and Resurrection?

An analysis as to whether an actual “trumpet” will be blown on the Day of Calamity and Resurrection

27

The Sunna of Muhammad (pbuh) - Is it an Islamic Requirement?

Proof that the Sunna is time-bound and not a religious requirement

28

Jihad - Holy War Against Non-Muslims or Something Else?

A Quranic explanation of what “jihad” really means

29

Wasilah - A Means of Access to God

An Quranic analysis of “wasilah”, what it means and how it’s often misunderstood

30

What is a Muslim Name - A Misnomer

There’s no such thing as a Muslim name

31

What is Quranic Ruh (Spirit)?

Ruh as the holy spirit and ruh as divine energy

32

Zam Zam Water - Is it Blessed or Just Believed to Be So?

The Quran says nothing about Zam Zam water but does talk about rain water and honey

BELIEVERS, MUSLIMS AND NON-MUSLIMS

33

Death Penalty for Apostasy (Rejecting and Leaving Islam)?

The Quran does not prescribe the death penalty as punishment for apostasy

34

Some Muslims Today are No Different Than Christian and Hindu Polytheists

A Quranic analysis showing how some Muslims are actually polytheists (mushrikeen)

35

Death Penalty for Blasphemy (Ridiculing Islam)?

The Quran does not prescribe the death penalty as punishment for blasphemy

36

Don’t Judge! Not All Jews and Christians are Kafir

Quranic proof that some Jews and Christians are actually righteous

37

Forced Faith is No Faith

Proof that it is forbidden to force any aspect of religion on anyone

38

Marriage With the People of the Book (Jews and Christians)

Muslims may marry Jews and Christians but only under certain conditions

39

Muslim (Submitter) and Mu’min (Believer) - What’s the Difference?

Many people (including some Jews and Christians) are Muslim but not all Muslims are Mu’mins

40

People of the Book (Jews and Christians)

A Quranic explanation of the People of the Book

41

The Walking Dead

To some people, God closes the door of forgiveness before death. They live only to wait for Hell.

42

Understanding “Kufr” (Disbelief) and “Kafir” (Disbelievers)

Not all Non-Muslims are automatically Kafir. Only certain people under certain circumstances are Kafir.

43

Islam - The Religion of Muhammad or Also of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, etc?

Proof that Islam existed before Muhammad and was inspired in all prophets before him

44

Who are Muslims?

Many people (including some Jews and Christians) are Muslim but not all Muslims are Mu’mins

45

Will the Sins of Muslims be Transferred to Jews and Christians?

The ahadeeth say “Yes”. The Quran says “No”. So, “No”. Common sense also says, “No”, by the way!

QURAN

46

Are Some Verses of the Quran Replaced with Other Verses or the Hadeeth?

An analysis showing that no verse in the Quran is canceled or replaced by another verse or source

47

How the Quran Describes Itself

Absolutely clear guidance and proof explained in detail of all things; a judge between truth and falsehood

48

Lailat Al-Qadr - Is it Like an Islamic Lottery?

The Quran does not tell one to find it as if to reap some huge reward or to wash away all sins.

49

Mother of the Book (Umm Al-Kitaab)

It is a master source within God’s presence from which the Quran was derived.

50

Some Commandments from the Quran

Some obvious and not-so-obvious commandments from the Quran

51

Some Prayers from the Quran

A collection of prayers taken directly from the Quran

52

The Best Hadeeth is Not Any of the Prophet’s “Ahadeeth”

The Quran states that it itself is the best hadeeth and that one should not follow any other hadeeth

53

When and How Was the Quran Compiled into a Book?

The Quran was completely written down on paper during the lifetime of the prophet

54

The Quran is the ONLY Acceptable Source of Religious Guidance

The hadeeth or any other book are not allowed to be used as religious guidance

GOD

55

How Does God Communicate with Humans?

Through inspiration and signs, behind a veil, and by sending a messenger

56

What Does it Mean to Say “Ameen”?

"So be it", "Truly" or '"Verily"

57

“Allah” is Not the Only Name for God

Other prophets knew God as “El” and “Yahweh” but any beautiful name is the name of God

PROPHET ABRAHAM (pbuh)

58

Are the Arabs and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Descendants of Prophet Abraham (pbuh)?

There is no evidence in the Quran that they are related

59

Did Prophet Abraham (pbuh) Really Send His Wife Hagar and Son Ishmael Away Alone to a Barren Land?

There is no evidence in the Quran that this occurred

60

Prophet Abraham’s (pbuh) Original Sanctuary - At Makkah (Mecca) or Bakkah (Baca)?

An analysis that strongly indicates that the original site was a Baca, not at Makkah.

61

Prophet Abraham’s (pbuh) Sacrificial Son - Ishmael or Isaac (pbut)?

Strong arguments that indicate that the sacrificial son was actually Isaac, not Ishmael.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD (pbuh)

62

“Iktatabaha” - Did Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Write the Quran Himself?

An analysis indicating that he himself, rather than anyone else, wrote the Quran

63

Can Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Help You?

Proof that no one, including Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), can help you on the Day of Judgement

64

Is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Exclusive and More Special Than the Other Prophets?

Quranic proof that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is no different than the other prophets

65

Follow the Example of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) - What is That Example?

Quranic analysis that the example is not his personal preferences, e.g. having a long beard

66

God and the Angels Bless Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) - What About Everyone Else?

Proof that God and the Angels also bless the believers

67

Did Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Perform Any Miracles as Did Some Other Prophets?

No. The only sign given to Prophet Muhammad was the Quran.

68

Does “Obey God and His Messenger” Mean I Must Follow the Hadeeth and Sunna?

No. It means to obey his authority with matters related to the Quran.

69

Is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Alive in His Grave “Hazir” (Present) and “Nazir” (Witnessing) Us?

No. He’s dead. And he had no knowledge of the unseen.

70

Is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) a Mercy to All Mankind?

No. But the Quran is, which Muhammad brought by Divine inspiration.

71

Does “Take What the Prophet Gives You” Mean I Must Follow His Sunna?

No. That is a reference to the booty (valuables) acquired during war.

72

Was Prophet Muhammad’s Mission Superior to That of Other Prophets?

No. All prophets are equal. They all faced varying degrees of challengers. Some were even murdered.

73

Was Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Illiterate (Couldn’t Read and Write)?

No. He actually wrote the Quran himself.

73

Was Every Word the Prophet Said a “Wahi” (Revelation) from God? (Divinely Inspired)?

No. It was only his sayings that were then than written in the Quran that were from God.

PROPHETS AND MESSENGERS

74

Adam (pbuh) and Jannah - Was Jannah on Earth or in Paradise?

Arguments indicating that Adam’s “Jannah” was actually on Earth

75

Are All Messengers of God Equal? Or Are Some Superior to Others?

They are all equal. Not even Muhammad is superior to the others.

76

Have There Been or Will There Be Any Other Prophets or Messengers after Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) ?

Muhammad was the last prophet and the Quran is the last scripture. There can be other messengers.

77

Exodus of Prophet Moses’ (pbuh) People Across the Red Sea?

An analysis that compares the stories from the Bible and the Quran

78

PBUH (Peace Be Upon Him) - For Prophet Muhammad Only or For All Prophets?

An analysis of the use of PBUH as a suffix

79

Mary’s Virgin Birth of Prophet Jesus

An analysis showing agreement between the Bible and the Quran

80

The Limits of Obeying a Messenger

The limit is to what is considered right and just

81

The Crucifixion of Jesus (pbuh)

A Quranic analysis of what happened

82

Was Prophet Jesus (pbuh) Sent to the Gentiles (Non-Jews) or To Just the Jews?

The Quran confirms that he was only sent to warn the Jews. The Bible supports this.

83

What is the Injeel?

Quranic analysis that suggests that it may be the wisdom given to Prophet Jesus (pbuh)

HISTORICAL SOURCES

84

Hadith Qudsi (Sacred or Divine Sayings)

Supposed sayings of God that are not included in the Quran. You must disregard them.

85

Ibn Ishaq’s Sira of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

The earliest surviving Muslim source of the prophet’s biography after the Quran

86

Non Muslim Sources of Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) Ministry

Greek and Syriac writings from within decades of the prophet’s death

87

Poetry From a Quran’s Perspective

The Quran isn’t poetry and considers poetic speech as to deliberately confuse and mislead

88

The Shi’a Doctrine

An explanation of the Shi’a belief and how the Quran doesn’t support it

LANGUAGE

89

Is Arabic a Holy or Superior Language?

Quranic analysis indicating that Arabic is not a holy or superior language

90

Understanding the Challenge “Produce a Surah Like It”

A Quranic analysis of why the target audience could not meet the challenge

91

Why Was The Quran Revealed in Arabic?

For no reason other that so that the designated primary audience at the time (Arabs) could understand it clearly

WOMEN

92

“Daraba” (To Beat) - A Deeper Look in the Context of Wives

In context of wives, “daraba” means to “turn away from”, not “beat” your wife

93

“Khimar” (A Cover) - Does it Only Mean a Head Cover / Hijab?

“Khimar” means anything that covers, e.g. a shirt covers a chest, a hat covers one’s hair, etc.

94

Aggressive (Mis)Translations of the Quran to Enslave Women

Does the Quran say that wives are enemies and that they should stay fixed at home? No.

95

Are Menstruating Women Required Fast?

Yes, unless they become ill / feel pain or are generally unwell during the menstruation.

96

Does the Quran Confine Widows to Their Homes in Their Waiting Period (Iddat)?

No, widows may leave their home during the waiting paid.

97

Does the Quran Really Allow the Beating of Wives?

An analysis that indicates that, rather than “beat”, one may “shun” or “separate” with their spouse

98

Does the Quran Allow Consummating a Marriage with Female Minors?

A Quranic examination that indicates that this is now allowed

99

Hijab / Veil / Head Covering - Do Women Have to Wear It?

Quranic proof that women are not required to cover their hair, face, and neck

100

Can a Man Have Multiple or Up to Four Wives (Polygny) in Islam?

The Quran does not seem to encourage nor discourage polygny nor specify a particular maximum number of wives

101

Nikaah - The Islamic Marriage Contract

An explanation of the contract

102

Nikaah Al-Mut’ah (Temporary Marriage) - Allowed or Forbidden?

Marriage may only be entered into for sincere and honest wedlock and not for temporary lust

103

Will Men Get Sexy Female Virgins in Paradise?

Not necessarily. Both men and women will be recreated and have purified and righteous companions.

104

Should Women Lead Mixed Prayer Congregations or Religious Leaders?

A Quranic and historical examination of this topic

105

Stoning for Adultery

There is no directive in the Quran regarding stoning whatsoever

106

Thobe and Jilbab

A detailed explanation of what they are

107

Was Ayesha (One of Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) Wives) a Child?

The Quran says nothing of this and based on Quranic marriage requirements, probably not

108

Was Adam’s (pbuh) Wife Created From His Rib?

The Quran says nothing about this

109

Where Do We Learn About Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) Wives?

The Quran hardly says anything about his wives. Most information if from unreliable hadith.

110

Do Women Have the Right to Earn Equally as Men?

According to the Quran, yes.

PRACTICES

111

Circumcision - Is it Required?

There is nothing in the Quran that requires circumcision.

112

Cutting the Hands of a Thief - No Ordinary Thief

A Quranic analysis that indicates that this punishment is meant only for extreme cases

113

Eating with Your Left Hand - Is It Forbidden?

Proof that eating with your left hand is not forbidden

114

Eid Festival After Ramadan - Is it Required?

The Quran says nothing about the Eid festival. Therefore, practicing it is permitted.

115

Must We Fast Until Maghrib (Sunset) or Night (Layl)?

Despite popular belief and practice, the Quran says to fast until “night”, not “sunset”

116

Homosexuality - Is it Permitted or Forbidden?

The Quran clearly says that homosexuality is forbidden

117

Inheritance Law According to the Quran

A explanation of inheritance law according to the Quran

118

Divorce Law According to the Quran

A explanation of divorce law according to the Quran

119

Kissing the Black Stone - Veneration or an Idolatrous Practice?

The Quran says nothing about kissing the Black Stone. So why do people do it?

120

Riba (Interest) and Whether Charging and Paying Interest is the Same Thing

Riba is clearly forbidden but paying interest, e.g. on a home loan, is not forbidden

121

Sadaqah (Charity)

An explanation of sadaqah (optional charity) and how it differs from zakah

122

Zakah

An explanation of zakah (required alms giving similar to tax) and how it differs from sadaqah

123

The Hajj and Umrah

A Quranic explanation of what is required or not regarding the Hajj and Umrah

124

Begin Fasting at the Time of Fajr or the End of Sehri

You may eat until dawn when you start to see the a bit of light, which is later than the time of Fajr

125

Do You Have to Circle the Kaa’ba Seven (7) Times?

You must circle the Kaa’ba but the Quran does not require you to circle it seven times

126

Must You Wash Your Feet in Wudu (Ablution) or Can You Wipe it?

The Quran clearly says your must wipe your feet to your ankles so washing it is okay as well

127

(Wudu) Ablution Instructions

How to perform wudu (ablution) according to the Quran

ISLAM

128

Are Dogs Impure? Can I Have a Pet Dog?

The Quran does not forbid anything with respect to dogs

129

Is it Forbidden (Haram) to Have Statues and Images?

No. They are only forbidden if you worship them.

130

Does the Quran Encourage War or to Live by the Sword?

No. Fighting is only permissible in self defence with those who aggress and oppress believers

131

Quranic Punishment - Murder VS Manslaughter

Killing is only allowed in two circumstances: 1) retribution for committing evil beyond bounds and 2) retribution for murder

132

The Concept of Hijrah (Emigrating)

If all attempts to resolve issues in one place fails, emigrate to a different place (city, country)

133

Can You Only Perform the Hajj during the 5 Days (8th - 12th) of Dhul-Hijjah?

The Hajj pilgrimage, which takes a certain number of days to complete, can be performed anytime by any person during the four sacred months beginning from the new moon (Dhul Hijjah) until four lunar months later.

134

The True Definition of “Deen” According to the Quran

“Deen” is a “system” and does not have to be religious in nature

FOOD AND DRINK

135

Are Intoxicants, e.g. Wine, Alcohol, Forbidden (Haram) in the Quran?

Whether considered “haram” or not, the Quran clearly says to stay away from intoxicants

136

Does the Quran Allow the Eating of Lions, Dogs, Cats, Rats, etc?

A Quranic analysis of what can and cannot be eaten

137

Eat and Drink But Don’t be Extravagant

The Quran clearly tells people not to consume food and drinks excessively and wastefully

138

What You Can and Cannot Eat

A list of the types of food you are permitted to and forbidden from eating

139

Is it Okay to Eat Jewish Kosher Meat?

Yes, but only if certain conditions are met

140

Why is it Forbidden to Eat Pig / Swine Flesh?

The Quran doesn’t say why. You’re just not allowed to eat it.

141

How to Correctly Slaughter an Animal for Sacrifice

A Quranic analysis of how to correctly slaughter an animal

142

Thakaytum - Slaughtering Lawfully to Make Food Fit for Consumption

An analysis of the word “thakaytum”

COSMOS

143

Are There Seven (7) Heavens or Several Heavens?

The word “seven” in the Quran and in classical Arabic can mean “several”

144

Do Aliens Exist?

According to the Quran, yes!

145

Heaven(s) and Paradise - What’s the Difference?

The heavens are the wider universe and paradise is Jannah - the Gardens of Eternal Bliss

146

The Jinn

A Quranic analysis of the invisible creature called “jinn. Satan is a jinn.

PRAYER

147

Jewish Prayer VS Muslim Prayer - Same or Different?

Ancient (original) Jewish prayers are in complete resonance with Quranic verses on the requirements of prayer

148

Darud Shareef Prayer

An examination of the meaning of the prayer about prophets Muhammad and Abraham (pbut)

149

Do We Have to Pray in Arabic?

An examination of the Quran indicating that one can pray in any language, not just Arabic.

150

How Can We Learn How to Pray If We Don’t Have Hadith to Teach Us?

The Quran explains all requirements for prayer, not the hadith.

151

Verse 2:239 “Pray As We Have Taught You How to Pray”

An Quranic analysis that supports the fixed form of prayer that we have today

152

Praying “For” The Dead is Different From Praying “Through” The Dead

You can pray for the dead but not through the dead

153

Preparing a Dead Body for Burial - A Quran’s Persective

There is not right or wrong way, as long as it’s with dignity and respect

154

Shortening of Prayers - Even on Vacation?

You may only shorten your prayer if you are in danger, e.g. at war.

155

The Five (5) Daily Prayers From The Quran

Proof of the five daily prayers and when to do them

156

The Importance of Congregational Prayer (Praying Together)

A Quranic analysis of congregational prayer

157

The Tahajjud Prayer

The Tahajjud prayer was only required on prophet Muhammad; it’s optional for everyone else.

158

What is “Salaat” (Prayer) According to the Quran

A Quranic analysis of various aspects of prayer including form, speech, direction, ablution, etc

159

Why Do We Have to Recite the Quran Back to God When We Pray?

The Quran actually doesn’t require nor forbid one to recite the Quran during prayer. So why not?

WISDOM

160

Do the Best You Can with Sincerity

Everyone has different limits. The Quran doesn’t expect you to do more than what you can handle.

161

Is the Mixing of Men and Women Forbidden, e.g. In School or Work?

The Quran does not forbid free mixing. But it does require modest attire and good behavior.

162

inna Lillaahi Wa inna ilayhi Raajiuun - A Saying When Someone Dies?

The Quran actually encourages saying this whenever you are hit with any misfortune

163

Behavior Towards Parents - Justice Over Blind Obedience

Obey them unless they breach Quranic values; remain civil and respectful even if they are unjust.

164

A Simple Summary of Quranic Prohibitions

1. Shameful deeds, 2. sin and oppression, 3. associate partners with God, 4. say things about God of what you don’t know

165

Quranic Wisdom

A selection of verses

166

Salaam Alaikum (Peace Be Upon You) - What is an Islamic Greeting?

The best greeting offers peace, regardless of language. It doesn’t have to be in Arabic.

167

How Satan (The Devil) Attacks Us and Leads Us Astray?

In the end, most people will be led astray.

168

How to Present Your World Views and Religious Understandings

Not by shouting and yelling but by, according to the Quran, polite and gentle speech

169

Are We Required to Stand Up for Justice or Can We Just Mind our Own Business?

Believers are required to side with truth and justice, even if against ourselves or relatives

170

Suffering and Hardship

Everyone will be tested and will suffer, including righteous people. No one is exempt.

171

Following Tradition Instead of God - A Small Lesson From the Bible

Unfortunately, many people, including Muslims and Christians, follow tradition instead of God.

172

Why Me? What Did I Do? - Understanding Our Trials

How and why we are tested

173

God Will Test Us

Everyone will be tested and will suffer, including righteous people. No one is exempt.

174

Transfer of Sin - Will Someone Who Has Wronged Me Get My Sins?

Fortunately, yes, to some extent, per the story of Adam’s two sons (5/27-37)

175

Judgement Day Questions

A hypotheticial dialogue between God and a man name Ahmed

TOC

Zakah

Zakat has been described in the Quran as obligatory on all believers. It is often noted twinned with the directive to establish salat and appears consistently throughout the Quran.

'yuqimuna-salata (establish prayer) wa-yutuna-zakata (and give zakat)'

Illustration - Joseph Islam

SADAQAH AND ZAKAH ARE NOT SYNONYMOUS TERMS

Sadaqah and Zakah are two very different concepts described by the Quran which can be confused by inconsistent translations. Whereas Sadaqah at its core is a charitable deed which can manifest in multi-faceted forms, Zakah seems to have a very specific purpose and remains obligatory to the community. Any avoidance of paying Zakah attracts very strong condemnation by the Quran.

The following clearly confirms that the two concepts are not synonymous, Zakah remaining absolutely obligatory.

058:013

"Do you fear that you will not give in Sadaqat before your consultation? So when you do not do it and God has turned to you (mercifully), then keep up prayer and pay Zakat and obey God and His Messenger; and God is Aware of what you do.

Any avoidance of paying Zakat attracts very strong condemnation.

041:6 (Part)-7

"...and woe to the polytheists (41:6) Who give not the 'Zakat' and who are disbelievers in the Hereafter (41:7)"

The above verse makes it absolutely clear that even the polytheists were not exempt from paying zakat. Therefore this obligation was not necessarily a 'religious' obligation but more a societal obligation and had always existed. Even Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) would have been obligated to pay 'Zakat' before he received his Prophethood. This also applied to the People of the Book. In the following verse, the Jews are clearly being asked to keep up the Zakat at the time of revelation to the Prophet.

002.043

"And establish the prayer, give Zakah and bow down (Arabic: rukuh / ir'kau) with those who bow down (in worship) (Arabic: rakeen)"

However, popular understanding of Zakah seems to be at variance with the Quranic narratives. Zakah is commonly understood today as 2.5% on savings once a year. This concept is completely alien to the Quran. Neither is 2.5% mentioned in the Quran nor can this percentage be ascertained with any degree of relative ease from the Hadith narratives.

The first point to note is that the establishment of Zakat (plural) did not start with new Muslims from Arabia or after the establishment of the Islamic state during the time of Prophet Muhammad. (pbuh) The obligation to pay Zakat has always existed and has remained a duty ordained by God. So to understand 'Zakat' as a once a year 2.5% payment on savings is incongruent with the Quranic text.

Zakat has always been payable in the past as confirmed by the Quran.

019:031

By Prophet Jesus

019:055

Prophet Ishmael ordained on his people to give Zakat

002:083

Children of Israel

021:073

Prophet Abraham, Prophet Isaac, Prophet Jacob

004:162

To the Jews (referenced as 'hadu' in 4:160)

007:156

To the Children of Israel

005:012

To the Children of Israel

098:005

Zakat was a fundamental tenet of the true religion of God even to those of previous revelations

Despite complex details advanced by Muslim clerics today as to who should be a recipient of Zakat, no such details are provided by the Quran. There are no specific groups of people mentioned other than those people who have an inherent 'due' (Arabic: haqqahu) to receive 'Zakah' which will be discussed below. Furthermore, neither is the amount of Zakat to be collected mentioned.

Many Muslim theologians quote six Zakatable categories from verse 9:60 which include:

  1. The 'Fuqara' (The poor)
  2. The 'Masakin (The needy)
  3. The 'Amilina alayha' (Those that are involved in the collection of funds)
  4. The 'Mu-alafati qulubhum (Those that incline their hearts)
  5. The 'Fil-riqabi' (Freeing of the captives)
  6. The 'Gharimina' (Those in debt)
  7. The 'Fi Sabili-llahi' (In the way of God)
  8. The 'Sabili' (The wayfarer)

However, even a cursory glance at the verse reveals that this verse does not address Zakat. Rather, it addresses Sadaqat (plural). Many appeal to past Muslim scholars and the 'fuqaha' (Islamic jurist) for their definitions and understandings. Despite the inference that Sadaqat and Zakat are synonymous, there is absolutely no proof in the Quran that this is the case as has already been shown in verse 58:13 above.

009:060

"Charities (Arabic: Sadaqatu) are only for the poor (Arabic: Fuqara) and the needy (Arabic: Masakin), and those who collect them (Amalina Alayha), and those whose hearts are to be reconciled (Mu-alafati qulubuhum) and to free the captives (Arabic: Fil-riqabi) and the debtors (Arabic: Gharimina), and for the cause of God (Arabic: Fi-Sabili-llahi) and (for) the wayfarer (Arabic: Sabili); a duty imposed by God. God is Knower, Wise"

027.001-3

"These are verses of the Quran, a book that makes (things) clear. A guidance and good tidings for believers. Those who establish regular prayers and give Zakat, and also have certainty of the hereafter"

ESTABLISHMENT OF ZAKAT

From verse 22:41 below, it seems to be clear that those in governance should establish a system of 'Zakat'.

022.041

"(They are) those who, if We establish them in the land, establish regular prayer and give Zakah, enjoin the right and forbid wrong: with God rests the end (and decision) of (all) affairs"

The 2.5% standard rate of Zakat used by Muslims today seems a very insignificant amount to run a state or a complete society.

It seems clear that the deliberate dearth of details in the Quran with regards Zakat are intentional to allow those in governance to deal with their ever changing political and social landscapes governing their community subjects.

The Quran is absolutely clear that it is clear guidance (huda 2:2), clear proof (burhan 4:174), explained in detail (fussilat 41:3; 11:1), clear explanation of all things (tibiana lekulli shayin 16:89) necessary for right religions, the ultimate scale (mizaan 42:17), the criterion between right and wrong (furqan 25:1) and an evidence absolutely clear (bayyin 20:133).

Therefore, silence in the Quran is deliberate to allow for consultation (shura) and development and not a cue to sanction extra Quranic sources such as Islamic secondary sources (e.g. hadeeth), much of which were not canonised until centuries after the death of the Prophet.

It is left to those in governance to work out the details of Zakat depending on the needs of their society and state. This silence also allows for the passage of time where changing conditions and circumstances may require changes in the amount of Zakat levied.

ZAKAT IS INCOME / GAIN BASED AND NOT SIMPLY SAVINGS BASED

The common understanding that Zakat is payable simply on savings once a year at 2.5% seems untenable from the Quran. Zakat from the Quran clearly exhibits regularity, much akin to prayers. We have a clear indication from the following analysis of the verses that Zakah is payable on 'gain' or 'income'. This is irrespective of whether the income is fortnightly, monthly, or annual.

We note that Zakah (Haq - the due) should be given on the day of harvest. This does need not be annual.

The day of harvest brings one their income or gain. It is not the period of harvest which is the focus as this can change from period to period and is not an exact science but the day of yield which in today's terms would mean one's income or pay day.

006.141

"He it is Who produces gardens trellised and untrellised, and the date-palm, and crops of diverse flavour, and the olive and the pomegranate, like and unlike. Eat of its fruit when it bears, and pay the due (Arabic: Haqqahu) on the harvest day (Arabic: Yawma Hasadihi), and be not extravagant. Indeed, He does not love the ones who are extravagant"

Please note the word 'Haqqahu'. It is used as 'what is due' in verses: 17:26 and 30:38

017:026

"And give to the kindred their due rights (Arabic: haqqahu), the needy, and the wayfarer. But squander not (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift"

030:038

"So give to the kindred their due rights (Arabic: haqqahu), the needy, and the wayfarer. That is best for those who seek the Countenance, of Allah, and it is they who will prosper"

It seems clear that the 'Haq' in 6:141 is simply not a charitable gesture. Charity for the groups mentioned have been comprehensively captured in verse 9:60 cited above which dealt with the various categories of those who should receive 'Sadaqat' with no mention of any specific day. Here, in verse 6:141, a particular point in time is clearly stated when something is 'due'. This is the day of 'harvest' or as in today's terms, this could be an income, or a gain in investment etc.

THE ROLE OF THE PROPHET IN THE EARLY GOVERNANCE OF THE ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

The role of the messenger also included governance of the new Islamic society during his ministry. It is clear that he was not only the new community's spiritual leader but also partook in governance and its related affairs, including management of the treasury.

A 20% TAX FOR THE EARLY ISLAMIC STATE?

Let us note a typical translation:

008.001

"They ask thee concerning (things taken as) spoils of war. Say: "(such) spoils are at the disposal of God and the Messenger: So fear God, and keep straight the relations between yourselves: Obey God and His Messenger, if ye do believe."

008.041

"And know that out of all the booty that ye may acquire (in war), a fifth share is assigned to God, and to the Messenger, and to near relatives, orphans, the needy, and the wayfarer,- if ye do believe in God and in the revelation We sent down to Our servant on the Day of Testing,- the Day of the meeting of the two forces. For God hath power over all things"

Despite the translations, there is no direct mention of war or booty in the Arabic. The word translated as 'spoils of war' in verse 8:1 is 'Anfal' which is a plural of 'Nafal' (root - N-F-L) which is not restricted to 'war booty' or 'spoils'.

The inference that the 'Anfal' in 8:1 is a reference to 'war booty' is obtained by context of its surrounding verses which later deal with a conflict narrative and war gain, in particular verse 8:41.

Illustration - Joseph Islam

A literal translation in English of the start of verse 8:1 would read: "They ask you about 'Anfal' (excess)

008:001 (Part)

"They ask you about 'Anfal' . Say, the 'Anfalu' are for God and the messenger ..."

Source: Edward Lanes Lexicon [1]

The Arabic word 'Anfal' has only been used twice in the Quran in this context in its plural form and in only one verse (8:1). In both cases, it refers to any gains which belong to God and the Messenger, in which the messenger acted as a treasurer for the specific benefits of his community.

It means an addition, something that exceeds the original amount or a deed which is supererogatory (more than what is obligatory). Most Muslims would recognise the term with regards their extra prayers (Nafil). The other times the root 'N-F-L' has been used in the Quran is in verse 17:79 to describe the additional prayer for the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) (nafilah) and in 21:72 whilst discussing the additional progeny bestowed on Prophet Abraham. (pbuh)

One notes that there is no indication of a % governing 'Anfal' assigned in verse 8:1. However, in verse 8:41 one notes a clear 20% (a fifth) being levied for war gains. The word used here is not ‘Anfal’ but ‘ghanim’ (acquired / gained).

Albeit both verses (8:1 and 8:41) seem to be addressing a gain, verse 8:41 seems to be specifically linked to the gains obtained in the form of war booty. In both cases any gain was to be regulated amongst the community by the Messenger so that it did not accumulate into the hands of a few, leaving many others destitute, or in need or want.

Whether the 20% noted in verse 8:41 was in line with an accepted rate of 'Zakat' (for the community) is open to interpretation. However, this is the only % one finds of the kind in the Quran.

In the following verse we note no mention of a % (fifth / 20% - as in verse 8:41), nor do we encounter any mention of 'Anfal'. However, the context once again indicates a war gain scenario.

059:007

"Whatever God has restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns, it is for God and for the Messenger, and for the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, so that it may not be a thing taken by turns among the rich among you, and whatever the Messenger gives you, accept it, and from whatever he forbids you, keep back, and be careful of (your duty to) God; surely God is severe in retributing (evil)"

Therefore, the % levied against the gains (ghanim) in 8:41 seems to suggest that a clear fifth was for the government (new Islamic community) to spend on matters which were for the needs of the community. This is what was due to them (Haqqahu) which arguably also resonates with verses 17:26 and 30:38 above.

It is also worthwhile noting that in verse 8:3, after the mention of 'Anfal' in verse 8:1, the usual 'Aqeemus-Salata' (establish prayer) is not followed by 'wa-yutuna-zakata', but instead is followed by, 'wamimma razaqnahum yunfiqun' (and spend out of what we have provided them).

This further possibly supports the understanding that the 'spend' (yunfiqun) in verse 8:3 is tied to verse 8:1 dealing with 'Anfal' and is a reference to any gains including Zakat (hence the substitution of terms).

However, despite the room for interpretation in these verses, it is significant to note the following:

IS ZAKAT A FORM OF A TAX OBLIGATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF SOCIETY?

This certainly seems to be the case on analysis of the verses. However, the case that seems to be put forward by the Quran is an 'Islamic' system which has its core an obligation to assist the needy but also does not prohibit assisting those areas of society which contribute to its general welfare, its security and its growth.

A well known phrase known to Biblical students is “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and give to God what is God’s" which according to the New Testament, came as a response from Prophet Jesus (pbuh) when the Pharisees attempted to entrap him with regards paying taxes to the Roman occupation.

The whole narrative can be read in the synoptic Gospels. It appears that Prophet Jesus (pbuh) did not oppose the payment of taxes and maintained respect to the law of the land. This is akin to Prophet Joseph(pbuh) who also did not break the law of the land, rather a plan was created to manifest a particular truth (12:76).

We note the following excerpt from Matthew's narrative of the Gospel account which captures the event.

Matthew 22:15-22

(15) Then the Pharisees went out and laid plans to trap him in his words. (16) They sent their disciples to him along with the Herodians. “Teacher,” they said, “we know that you are a man of integrity and that you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are. (17) Tell us then, what is your opinion? Is it right to pay the imperial tax to Caesar or not?”

(18) But Jesus, knowing their evil intent, said, “You hypocrites, why are you trying to trap me? (19) Show me the coin used for paying the tax.” They brought him a denarius, (20) and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?”

(21) “Caesar’s,” they replied.

Then he said to them, “So give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”

(22) When they heard this, they were amazed. So they left him and went away. [2]

Given the Quran's confirmation that Prophet Jesus (pbuh) paid Zakat (19:31), it is inconceivable that he would not have paid it to the centralised government that was responsible for managing the societies affairs. There was no Jewish state that existed at the time of Prophet Jesus. (pbuh) Rather, the Jews remained under Roman occupation at the time of Prophet Jesus's (pbuh) ministry.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Zakah and Sadaqah are not synonymous terms used by the Quran. There is no mention of 2.5% Zakat in the Quran nor does it appear that the modern day concept of Zakat (as it is commonly understood) is supported by the Quran.

Zakah from the Quran seems to be a 'gain' based regular tax system, reliant on the community's gains due to investments, income etc and is to be levied by the state to which their citizens owe an obligation. This is then redistributed to the society members in need.

If the state is an Islamic state, then the payment of Zakat will be to that particular state. The rate will be appropriately levied by those in governance given their circumstances. If one abides in another land, then a duty of responsibility and obligation is due to that particular community and state as responsible citizens.

It is ironic to often note, certain Muslims professing to be extremely scrupulous whilst collecting Zakat for 'Muslim' communities, yet remaining completely apathetic and avoiding paying taxes to the state that supports them in the country they live in. Furthermore, there are some that withdraw state benefits when they are clearly not eligible.

Today Zakat is collected through a decentralised voluntary system. Many Muslim theologians attempt to expand the definition of whom and how the Zakat should be paid concentrating on primarily the Muslim communities. There is no indication that Zakat is only payable to Muslims. Rather Zakat is payable to all those who are in need in a given society.

This has always been the case from the time of the ancients. The earlier Prophets paid their Zakat to those in governance. Furthermore 2.5% seems to be paltry amount to address the needs of a society. In Islamic countries where the state does collect Zakat at this rate, there seems to be little economic effects on its citizens.

Quite ironically, the requirements of a society based on an inclusive tax system seem to be better understood in non-Islamic countries (albeit nothing is perfect and far from it), than many Muslims countries that cannot often fulfil the basic demands of their citizens.

Is it possible that much of the economic and societal distress many Muslim countries find themselves in is because that they have stopped following the guidance from the Scripture that they claim to be adherents of? Instead, have they continually relied on the traditions of their forefathers which are completely irrelevant in a 21st century society and incongruent with Quranic teachings?

REFERENCES

[1] LANE. E.W, Edward Lanes Lexicon, Williams and Norgate 1863; Librairie du Liban Beirut-Lebanon 1968, Volume 8, Supplement, Page 3036

[2] Bible: New International Version (NIV)