Quran-Based Islam

Much of what you've been taught about Islam is not supported by the Quran

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 0 - READ ME FIRST

Purpose and Intent of This Website and Pre-Reading Preparation

Sources and Recognition

Who Created This Website?

PART 1 - SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1

The Quran - The Final and Complete Message from God

Proof that the Quran is final, complete and the one and only acceptable source of Islamic law

  • The Quran and previous scriptures (e.g. the Jewish Torah and Christian Gospel) are all from the one and only God (3:2-3) (5:46) (61:6)
  • The Quran replaces previous scriptures and tells everyone to believe in it (4:47)
  • Some verses are specific and others are unspecific for a reason (3:7)
  • God never runs out of words (31:27)
  • The Quran is without a doubt clear guidance (huda) (2:2)
  • The Quran is clear proof (burhan) from God (4:174)
  • The Quran is complete (6:115) (6:38)
  • The Quran is fully detailed (fussilat) of all things (6:114) (12:111) (41:3) (11:1)
  • The Quran is clarification (tibyana) of all things (16:89)
  • The Quran provides its own best explanation (ahsan tafsir) (25:33)
  • The Quran is the ultimate scale (mizaan) (42:17)
  • The Quran is evidence (bayyinah) (20:133)
  • The Quran is the criterion (furqan) between right and wrong (25:1)
  • God forbids people from following any law except God’s laws in the Quran (6:114)
  • Whoever judges by other than the Quran, they are Kafir (disbelievers) (5:44)
  • The best hadith (statement) is God’s statement (the Quran) (39:23)
  • The Quran forbids you from following or believing in something without understanding it (17:36)
  • The Quran expects you to study and think deeply about its verses (47:24)
  • God protects the Quran from human tampering / corruption (15:9)
  • No one can alter God’s words (6:115)
  • Don’t spread false information / say a lie against God (16:116)
  • The Quran is in Arabic but only due to circumstances
  • How the Quran was transmitted and preserved
  • Muhammad is the seal of the prophets and the Quran is the last book of God (33:40)

2

The Ahadeeth - Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

Proof that the ahadeeth is an unacceptable source of Islamic law

  • What is ahadeeth?
  • Not everything Muhammad said was a revelation. Muhammad himself only followed what was revealed to him. (10:15), (46:9), (6:50), (7:203)
  • God forbids people from believing in any statement (hadith) or book besides the Quran (45:6) (68:36-38)
  • God forbade the prophet from forbidding something that God never forbade (66:1)
  • The Quran forbids any other source, e.g. ahadeeth, to be used as law (6:114)
  • The prophet’s job was to deliver a message (the Quran) and nothing more (5:99) (42:48) (13:40)
  • Examples of “saheeh” ahadeeth that contradict each other
  • Examples of “saheeh” ahadeeth that contradict the Quran
  • Examples of “saheeh” ahadeeth that are unacceptable and questionable

3

Parents, Islamic Scholars, Popular / Majority Belief, Government, and Tradition

Many people are blind followers and don’t use their brains. Some overcomplicate religion.

  • Many Muslims are blind followers just like Prophet Abraham’s (pbuh) father and his people (21:52-68) (2:170)
  • If you follow and believe most people on earth, they will mislead you (6:116)
  • If you follow some Islamic scholars, they may also mislead you
  • Humans overcomplicate religion
    • Yellow cow example (2:67-71)
    • Astronaut example (2:177) (64:16)
  • The majority belief in something is not a valid proof or argument that it is correct
  • God gave humans a brain for a reason, not to be like cows (8:22) (7:179) (25:44)
  • Circular reasoning
  • Trained monkeys

4

Quran Translations

Examples showing that Quran translations are not always accurate and sometimes misleading

  • Inconsistent translations and interpretations (tafsir)
  • Inaccurate translations

5

Classical Arabic Dictionaries

Reputable dictionaries that can be used to help understand the Quran

6

Conclusion and Method of Analysis

The Quran, Quran Translations and Dictionaries, Common Sense Logic

PART 2 - TOPICS

POPULAR BELIEFS

1

Righteousness - Based on Lineage, Relationships, Companionship, etc.?

Proof that no one, including Muhammad’s wives, are automatically righteous

2

Will There Be a Bridge Over Hell (As-Sirat)?

The Quran doesn’t mention any such bridge and doesn’t indicate there will be any such thing

3

What Does the Quran Mean by “Ask Those That Have Knowledge”?

It doesn’t mean you can just blindly accept the advice of others, e.g. parents, scholars, gurus, etc.

4

Can I Just Blindly Follow What Others (Scholars, Imams, etc) Teach Me?

No. You may only follow what you understand and have proven to yourself.

5

Black Magic - Is It Real?

Proof that black magic is real and can, among other things, cause divorces

6

Gold and Silk - Is Wearing It Forbidden by Men?

Proof that men are allowed to wear gold and silk

7

Ablution (Wudu) - Must You Perform It Before Touching the Quran?

Proof that making ablution before touching the Quran is not required

8

Idolatry (Shirk) - More Than Just Worshipping Statues

An explanation of the different types of idolatry

9

Imam and the Shi’a Imamate - What Exactly is It?

An Quranic examination of the term “Imam”

10

Intercession - Can Anyone Help You on the Day of Judgement?

Proof that no one, including Muhammad (pbuh), can help anyone on the Day of Judgment

11

Gabriel (Jibril) - An Angel or a Spirit?

An Quranic examination as to whether Gabriel is an angel or The Holy Spirit

12

Punishment of Hell - Temporary or Eternal?

A Quranic examination of whether hell is eternal for everyone who goes there

13

Prophet Jesus (pbuh) - Will He Come Back?

Proof that Prophet Jesus (pbuh) will not come back

14

Music and Singing - Is it Forbidden?

Proof that listening to music and singing are not forbidden

15

Nikaah Al-Mut’ah (Temporary Marriage) – Is It Permitted?

Proof that temporary marriage with predetermined duration is forbidden

16

Sects (Sunni, Shia, etc) - Can You Join or Create One?

Proof that dividing into or joining a sect is forbidden

17

Death and Punishment in the Grave - Is There Such a Thing?

A Quranic examination of what happens after death

18

Radhi Allah Unho - A Potentially Dangerous Saying

An Quranic examination of the meaning and whether saying it is allowed

19

Superstitions - One of Satan’s Weapons

Proof that believing in and following superstitions contradictory to the Quran is forbidden

20

Taqiyya (Lying for a Greater Good or Lying to Save Your Life) - Permitted or Forbidden?

Proof that taqiyya is forbidden except in dire situations, e.g. threat of persecution or death

21

The Christian Concept of the “Trinity” and Jesus as Son of God

Proof that the Christian Bible, which Muslims must believe, does not teach the “Trinity”

23

Hadith and Sunna - What’s the Difference?

An explanation of the difference between “hadith” and “sunna”

24

The Night Journey (Isra and Mi’raj) - Did it Really Happen?

An examination of the sources describing The Night Journey

25

The Qibla Change - Mecca to Jerusalem and Back to Mecca Again

An analysis showing that the Qibla was originally at the Kaa’ba and was not once, but twice

26

Will an Actual Trumpet be Blown on the Day of Calamity and Resurrection?

An analysis as to whether an actual “trumpet” will be blown on the Day of Calamity and Resurrection

27

The Sunna of Muhammad (pbuh) - Is it an Islamic Requirement?

Proof that the Sunna is time-bound and not a religious requirement

28

Jihad - Holy War Against Non-Muslims or Something Else?

A Quranic explanation of what “jihad” really means

29

Wasilah - A Means of Access to God

An Quranic analysis of “wasilah”, what it means and how it’s often misunderstood

30

What is a Muslim Name - A Misnomer

There’s no such thing as a Muslim name

31

What is Quranic Ruh (Spirit)?

Ruh as the holy spirit and ruh as divine energy

32

Zam Zam Water - Is it Blessed or Just Believed to Be So?

The Quran says nothing about Zam Zam water but does talk about rain water and honey

BELIEVERS, MUSLIMS AND NON-MUSLIMS

33

Death Penalty for Apostasy (Rejecting and Leaving Islam)?

The Quran does not prescribe the death penalty as punishment for apostasy

34

Some Muslims Today are No Different Than Christian and Hindu Polytheists

A Quranic analysis showing how some Muslims are actually polytheists (mushrikeen)

35

Death Penalty for Blasphemy (Ridiculing Islam)?

The Quran does not prescribe the death penalty as punishment for blasphemy

36

Don’t Judge! Not All Jews and Christians are Kafir

Quranic proof that some Jews and Christians are actually righteous

37

Forced Faith is No Faith

Proof that it is forbidden to force any aspect of religion on anyone

38

Marriage With the People of the Book (Jews and Christians)

Muslims may marry Jews and Christians but only under certain conditions

39

Muslim (Submitter) and Mu’min (Believer) - What’s the Difference?

Many people (including some Jews and Christians) are Muslim but not all Muslims are Mu’mins

40

People of the Book (Jews and Christians)

A Quranic explanation of the People of the Book

41

The Walking Dead

To some people, God closes the door of forgiveness before death. They live only to wait for Hell.

42

Understanding “Kufr” (Disbelief) and “Kafir” (Disbelievers)

Not all Non-Muslims are automatically Kafir. Only certain people under certain circumstances are Kafir.

43

Islam - The Religion of Muhammad or Also of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, etc?

Proof that Islam existed before Muhammad and was inspired in all prophets before him

44

Who are Muslims?

Many people (including some Jews and Christians) are Muslim but not all Muslims are Mu’mins

45

Will the Sins of Muslims be Transferred to Jews and Christians?

The ahadeeth say “Yes”. The Quran says “No”. So, “No”. Common sense also says, “No”, by the way!

QURAN

46

Are Some Verses of the Quran Replaced with Other Verses or the Hadeeth?

An analysis showing that no verse in the Quran is canceled or replaced by another verse or source

47

How the Quran Describes Itself

Absolutely clear guidance and proof explained in detail of all things; a judge between truth and falsehood

48

Lailat Al-Qadr - Is it Like an Islamic Lottery?

The Quran does not tell one to find it as if to reap some huge reward or to wash away all sins.

49

Mother of the Book (Umm Al-Kitaab)

It is a master source within God’s presence from which the Quran was derived.

50

Some Commandments from the Quran

Some obvious and not-so-obvious commandments from the Quran

51

Some Prayers from the Quran

A collection of prayers taken directly from the Quran

52

The Best Hadeeth is Not Any of the Prophet’s “Ahadeeth”

The Quran states that it itself is the best hadeeth and that one should not follow any other hadeeth

53

When and How Was the Quran Compiled into a Book?

The Quran was completely written down on paper during the lifetime of the prophet

54

The Quran is the ONLY Acceptable Source of Religious Guidance

The hadeeth or any other book are not allowed to be used as religious guidance

GOD

55

How Does God Communicate with Humans?

Through inspiration and signs, behind a veil, and by sending a messenger

56

What Does it Mean to Say “Ameen”?

"So be it", "Truly" or '"Verily"

57

“Allah” is Not the Only Name for God

Other prophets knew God as “El” and “Yahweh” but any beautiful name is the name of God

PROPHET ABRAHAM (pbuh)

58

Are the Arabs and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Descendants of Prophet Abraham (pbuh)?

There is no evidence in the Quran that they are related

59

Did Prophet Abraham (pbuh) Really Send His Wife Hagar and Son Ishmael Away Alone to a Barren Land?

There is no evidence in the Quran that this occurred

60

Prophet Abraham’s (pbuh) Original Sanctuary - At Makkah (Mecca) or Bakkah (Baca)?

An analysis that strongly indicates that the original site was a Baca, not at Makkah.

61

Prophet Abraham’s (pbuh) Sacrificial Son - Ishmael or Isaac (pbut)?

Strong arguments that indicate that the sacrificial son was actually Isaac, not Ishmael.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD (pbuh)

62

“Iktatabaha” - Did Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Write the Quran Himself?

An analysis indicating that he himself, rather than anyone else, wrote the Quran

63

Can Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Help You?

Proof that no one, including Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), can help you on the Day of Judgement

64

Is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Exclusive and More Special Than the Other Prophets?

Quranic proof that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is no different than the other prophets

65

Follow the Example of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) - What is That Example?

Quranic analysis that the example is not his personal preferences, e.g. having a long beard

66

God and the Angels Bless Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) - What About Everyone Else?

Proof that God and the Angels also bless the believers

67

Did Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Perform Any Miracles as Did Some Other Prophets?

No. The only sign given to Prophet Muhammad was the Quran.

68

Does “Obey God and His Messenger” Mean I Must Follow the Hadeeth and Sunna?

No. It means to obey his authority with matters related to the Quran.

69

Is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Alive in His Grave “Hazir” (Present) and “Nazir” (Witnessing) Us?

No. He’s dead. And he had no knowledge of the unseen.

70

Is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) a Mercy to All Mankind?

No. But the Quran is, which Muhammad brought by Divine inspiration.

71

Does “Take What the Prophet Gives You” Mean I Must Follow His Sunna?

No. That is a reference to the booty (valuables) acquired during war.

72

Was Prophet Muhammad’s Mission Superior to That of Other Prophets?

No. All prophets are equal. They all faced varying degrees of challengers. Some were even murdered.

73

Was Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Illiterate (Couldn’t Read and Write)?

No. He actually wrote the Quran himself.

73

Was Every Word the Prophet Said a “Wahi” (Revelation) from God? (Divinely Inspired)?

No. It was only his sayings that were then than written in the Quran that were from God.

PROPHETS AND MESSENGERS

74

Adam (pbuh) and Jannah - Was Jannah on Earth or in Paradise?

Arguments indicating that Adam’s “Jannah” was actually on Earth

75

Are All Messengers of God Equal? Or Are Some Superior to Others?

They are all equal. Not even Muhammad is superior to the others.

76

Have There Been or Will There Be Any Other Prophets or Messengers after Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) ?

Muhammad was the last prophet and the Quran is the last scripture. There can be other messengers.

77

Exodus of Prophet Moses’ (pbuh) People Across the Red Sea?

An analysis that compares the stories from the Bible and the Quran

78

PBUH (Peace Be Upon Him) - For Prophet Muhammad Only or For All Prophets?

An analysis of the use of PBUH as a suffix

79

Mary’s Virgin Birth of Prophet Jesus

An analysis showing agreement between the Bible and the Quran

80

The Limits of Obeying a Messenger

The limit is to what is considered right and just

81

The Crucifixion of Jesus (pbuh)

A Quranic analysis of what happened

82

Was Prophet Jesus (pbuh) Sent to the Gentiles (Non-Jews) or To Just the Jews?

The Quran confirms that he was only sent to warn the Jews. The Bible supports this.

83

What is the Injeel?

Quranic analysis that suggests that it may be the wisdom given to Prophet Jesus (pbuh)

HISTORICAL SOURCES

84

Hadith Qudsi (Sacred or Divine Sayings)

Supposed sayings of God that are not included in the Quran. You must disregard them.

85

Ibn Ishaq’s Sira of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

The earliest surviving Muslim source of the prophet’s biography after the Quran

86

Non Muslim Sources of Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) Ministry

Greek and Syriac writings from within decades of the prophet’s death

87

Poetry From a Quran’s Perspective

The Quran isn’t poetry and considers poetic speech as to deliberately confuse and mislead

88

The Shi’a Doctrine

An explanation of the Shi’a belief and how the Quran doesn’t support it

LANGUAGE

89

Is Arabic a Holy or Superior Language?

Quranic analysis indicating that Arabic is not a holy or superior language

90

Understanding the Challenge “Produce a Surah Like It”

A Quranic analysis of why the target audience could not meet the challenge

91

Why Was The Quran Revealed in Arabic?

For no reason other that so that the designated primary audience at the time (Arabs) could understand it clearly

WOMEN

92

“Daraba” (To Beat) - A Deeper Look in the Context of Wives

In context of wives, “daraba” means to “turn away from”, not “beat” your wife

93

“Khimar” (A Cover) - Does it Only Mean a Head Cover / Hijab?

“Khimar” means anything that covers, e.g. a shirt covers a chest, a hat covers one’s hair, etc.

94

Aggressive (Mis)Translations of the Quran to Enslave Women

Does the Quran say that wives are enemies and that they should stay fixed at home? No.

95

Are Menstruating Women Required Fast?

Yes, unless they become ill / feel pain or are generally unwell during the menstruation.

96

Does the Quran Confine Widows to Their Homes in Their Waiting Period (Iddat)?

No, widows may leave their home during the waiting paid.

97

Does the Quran Really Allow the Beating of Wives?

An analysis that indicates that, rather than “beat”, one may “shun” or “separate” with their spouse

98

Does the Quran Allow Consummating a Marriage with Female Minors?

A Quranic examination that indicates that this is now allowed

99

Hijab / Veil / Head Covering - Do Women Have to Wear It?

Quranic proof that women are not required to cover their hair, face, and neck

100

Can a Man Have Multiple or Up to Four Wives (Polygny) in Islam?

The Quran does not seem to encourage nor discourage polygny nor specify a particular maximum number of wives

101

Nikaah - The Islamic Marriage Contract

An explanation of the contract

102

Nikaah Al-Mut’ah (Temporary Marriage) - Allowed or Forbidden?

Marriage may only be entered into for sincere and honest wedlock and not for temporary lust

103

Will Men Get Sexy Female Virgins in Paradise?

Not necessarily. Both men and women will be recreated and have purified and righteous companions.

104

Should Women Lead Mixed Prayer Congregations or Religious Leaders?

A Quranic and historical examination of this topic

105

Stoning for Adultery

There is no directive in the Quran regarding stoning whatsoever

106

Thobe and Jilbab

A detailed explanation of what they are

107

Was Ayesha (One of Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) Wives) a Child?

The Quran says nothing of this and based on Quranic marriage requirements, probably not

108

Was Adam’s (pbuh) Wife Created From His Rib?

The Quran says nothing about this

109

Where Do We Learn About Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) Wives?

The Quran hardly says anything about his wives. Most information if from unreliable hadith.

110

Do Women Have the Right to Earn Equally as Men?

According to the Quran, yes.

PRACTICES

111

Circumcision - Is it Required?

There is nothing in the Quran that requires circumcision.

112

Cutting the Hands of a Thief - No Ordinary Thief

A Quranic analysis that indicates that this punishment is meant only for extreme cases

113

Eating with Your Left Hand - Is It Forbidden?

Proof that eating with your left hand is not forbidden

114

Eid Festival After Ramadan - Is it Required?

The Quran says nothing about the Eid festival. Therefore, practicing it is permitted.

115

Must We Fast Until Maghrib (Sunset) or Night (Layl)?

Despite popular belief and practice, the Quran says to fast until “night”, not “sunset”

116

Homosexuality - Is it Permitted or Forbidden?

The Quran clearly says that homosexuality is forbidden

117

Inheritance Law According to the Quran

A explanation of inheritance law according to the Quran

118

Divorce Law According to the Quran

A explanation of divorce law according to the Quran

119

Kissing the Black Stone - Veneration or an Idolatrous Practice?

The Quran says nothing about kissing the Black Stone. So why do people do it?

120

Riba (Interest) and Whether Charging and Paying Interest is the Same Thing

Riba is clearly forbidden but paying interest, e.g. on a home loan, is not forbidden

121

Sadaqah (Charity)

An explanation of sadaqah (optional charity) and how it differs from zakah

122

Zakah

An explanation of zakah (required alms giving similar to tax) and how it differs from sadaqah

123

The Hajj and Umrah

A Quranic explanation of what is required or not regarding the Hajj and Umrah

124

Begin Fasting at the Time of Fajr or the End of Sehri

You may eat until dawn when you start to see the a bit of light, which is later than the time of Fajr

125

Do You Have to Circle the Kaa’ba Seven (7) Times?

You must circle the Kaa’ba but the Quran does not require you to circle it seven times

126

Must You Wash Your Feet in Wudu (Ablution) or Can You Wipe it?

The Quran clearly says your must wipe your feet to your ankles so washing it is okay as well

127

(Wudu) Ablution Instructions

How to perform wudu (ablution) according to the Quran

ISLAM

128

Are Dogs Impure? Can I Have a Pet Dog?

The Quran does not forbid anything with respect to dogs

129

Is it Forbidden (Haram) to Have Statues and Images?

No. They are only forbidden if you worship them.

130

Does the Quran Encourage War or to Live by the Sword?

No. Fighting is only permissible in self defence with those who aggress and oppress believers

131

Quranic Punishment - Murder VS Manslaughter

Killing is only allowed in two circumstances: 1) retribution for committing evil beyond bounds and 2) retribution for murder

132

The Concept of Hijrah (Emigrating)

If all attempts to resolve issues in one place fails, emigrate to a different place (city, country)

133

Can You Only Perform the Hajj during the 5 Days (8th - 12th) of Dhul-Hijjah?

The Hajj pilgrimage, which takes a certain number of days to complete, can be performed anytime by any person during the four sacred months beginning from the new moon (Dhul Hijjah) until four lunar months later.

134

The True Definition of “Deen” According to the Quran

“Deen” is a “system” and does not have to be religious in nature

FOOD AND DRINK

135

Are Intoxicants, e.g. Wine, Alcohol, Forbidden (Haram) in the Quran?

Whether considered “haram” or not, the Quran clearly says to stay away from intoxicants

136

Does the Quran Allow the Eating of Lions, Dogs, Cats, Rats, etc?

A Quranic analysis of what can and cannot be eaten

137

Eat and Drink But Don’t be Extravagant

The Quran clearly tells people not to consume food and drinks excessively and wastefully

138

What You Can and Cannot Eat

A list of the types of food you are permitted to and forbidden from eating

139

Is it Okay to Eat Jewish Kosher Meat?

Yes, but only if certain conditions are met

140

Why is it Forbidden to Eat Pig / Swine Flesh?

The Quran doesn’t say why. You’re just not allowed to eat it.

141

How to Correctly Slaughter an Animal for Sacrifice

A Quranic analysis of how to correctly slaughter an animal

142

Thakaytum - Slaughtering Lawfully to Make Food Fit for Consumption

An analysis of the word “thakaytum”

COSMOS

143

Are There Seven (7) Heavens or Several Heavens?

The word “seven” in the Quran and in classical Arabic can mean “several”

144

Do Aliens Exist?

According to the Quran, yes!

145

Heaven(s) and Paradise - What’s the Difference?

The heavens are the wider universe and paradise is Jannah - the Gardens of Eternal Bliss

146

The Jinn

A Quranic analysis of the invisible creature called “jinn. Satan is a jinn.

PRAYER

147

Jewish Prayer VS Muslim Prayer - Same or Different?

Ancient (original) Jewish prayers are in complete resonance with Quranic verses on the requirements of prayer

148

Darud Shareef Prayer

An examination of the meaning of the prayer about prophets Muhammad and Abraham (pbut)

149

Do We Have to Pray in Arabic?

An examination of the Quran indicating that one can pray in any language, not just Arabic.

150

How Can We Learn How to Pray If We Don’t Have Hadith to Teach Us?

The Quran explains all requirements for prayer, not the hadith.

151

Verse 2:239 “Pray As We Have Taught You How to Pray”

An Quranic analysis that supports the fixed form of prayer that we have today

152

Praying “For” The Dead is Different From Praying “Through” The Dead

You can pray for the dead but not through the dead

153

Preparing a Dead Body for Burial - A Quran’s Persective

There is not right or wrong way, as long as it’s with dignity and respect

154

Shortening of Prayers - Even on Vacation?

You may only shorten your prayer if you are in danger, e.g. at war.

155

The Five (5) Daily Prayers From The Quran

Proof of the five daily prayers and when to do them

156

The Importance of Congregational Prayer (Praying Together)

A Quranic analysis of congregational prayer

157

The Tahajjud Prayer

The Tahajjud prayer was only required on prophet Muhammad; it’s optional for everyone else.

158

What is “Salaat” (Prayer) According to the Quran

A Quranic analysis of various aspects of prayer including form, speech, direction, ablution, etc

159

Why Do We Have to Recite the Quran Back to God When We Pray?

The Quran actually doesn’t require nor forbid one to recite the Quran during prayer. So why not?

WISDOM

160

Do the Best You Can with Sincerity

Everyone has different limits. The Quran doesn’t expect you to do more than what you can handle.

161

Is the Mixing of Men and Women Forbidden, e.g. In School or Work?

The Quran does not forbid free mixing. But it does require modest attire and good behavior.

162

inna Lillaahi Wa inna ilayhi Raajiuun - A Saying When Someone Dies?

The Quran actually encourages saying this whenever you are hit with any misfortune

163

Behavior Towards Parents - Justice Over Blind Obedience

Obey them unless they breach Quranic values; remain civil and respectful even if they are unjust.

164

A Simple Summary of Quranic Prohibitions

1. Shameful deeds, 2. sin and oppression, 3. associate partners with God, 4. say things about God of what you don’t know

165

Quranic Wisdom

A selection of verses

166

Salaam Alaikum (Peace Be Upon You) - What is an Islamic Greeting?

The best greeting offers peace, regardless of language. It doesn’t have to be in Arabic.

167

How Satan (The Devil) Attacks Us and Leads Us Astray?

In the end, most people will be led astray.

168

How to Present Your World Views and Religious Understandings

Not by shouting and yelling but by, according to the Quran, polite and gentle speech

169

Are We Required to Stand Up for Justice or Can We Just Mind our Own Business?

Believers are required to side with truth and justice, even if against ourselves or relatives

170

Suffering and Hardship

Everyone will be tested and will suffer, including righteous people. No one is exempt.

171

Following Tradition Instead of God - A Small Lesson From the Bible

Unfortunately, many people, including Muslims and Christians, follow tradition instead of God.

172

Why Me? What Did I Do? - Understanding Our Trials

How and why we are tested

173

God Will Test Us

Everyone will be tested and will suffer, including righteous people. No one is exempt.

174

Transfer of Sin - Will Someone Who Has Wronged Me Get My Sins?

Fortunately, yes, to some extent, per the story of Adam’s two sons (5/27-37)

175

Judgement Day Questions

A hypotheticial dialogue between God and a man name Ahmed

TOC

The Hajj and Umrah

This article has been divided into 5 main sections below:

  1. Abrahamic Hajj Rites Reinstituted at the Kaaba and the Quran's Requirements for Hajj
  2. Pre-Jahaliyya Rites of Worship Allowed to Continue in the Name of One God (Part of Hajj)
  3. Prohibitions During Hajj
  4. Expiations
  5. Umrah
  6. Unquranic Rites - Practices which find no scriptural support
  7. Ihram (Hajj Garments or a Pilgrims Sacred State)

It is indisputable that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) would have remained the best example of one who followed the Quran for guidance, the very inspiration sent to him by God. The Quran is what he would have used not only to guide himself, but to teach and remind others with (50:45). The Quran would have remained the criterion to discern between right and wrong (furqan - 25:1) and the clarification of all matters necessary for the right 'deen' (tibiana lekulli shayin 16:89).

Satan is committed to lead mankind off the right path and to instil alien practices not sanctioned by God's word. Sadly, many of today's practices performed in the name of Islam are no different and have not escaped Satan's guile. Satan's attack is unrelenting and his assault is from every place (7:17). He introduces rituals, superstitions and confounds man into believing in them.

"Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour" [1]

Today's Hajj has unfortunately become heavily focused on pedantic rituals which have no support from scripture. At times one becomes so focused on the rituals that the very spiritual essence of the Hajj (pilgrimage) seems to be compromised. Muslim clerics make elaborate claims of what is and what is not required for Hajj. For example, the focus on what shoes one should wear, what part of the foot one should reveal, whether or not to make use of a pin to tie up the white garbs of the pilgrim men etc., quoting different Islamic secondary sources (e.g. hadeeth) to make the case. At times, these debates are endless.

The Quran details the requirements for Hajj as we will note below, God willing.

(1) ABRAHAMIC HAJJ RITES REINSTITUTED AT THE KAABA AND THE QURAN'S REQUIREMENTS FOR HAJJ

Many Muslims today make an unwarranted connection between the requirement of Hajj with the vision of Prophet Abraham (pbuh) to sacrifice his son (37:102) which constituted his personal 'test'. There is absolutely no linkage in the Quran of Prophet Abraham's (pbuh) personal 'test' and the need to perform Hajj, or to perform animal sacrifices during Hajj to commemorate the particular incident.

It is not the concept of the Quran to perform practices in the memory of others and their 'tests'. This would be a contravention of the Quran’s following verse.

002.134

"Those are a people who have passed away. Theirs is that which they earned, and yours is that which you earn. And you will not be asked of what they used to do"

Similarly, many Muslims today run the lengths of Safa and Marwa in the memory of Hagar (Hajar). There is absolutely no mention of the Hagar-Prophet Ishmael (pbuh) narrative in the entire Quran. Nor is any ‘story’ linked to the Safa Marwa narrative in the Quran, which only refers to them as symbols (Shar’airi) and not mountains. The circumambulation of Safa and Marwa was clearly an existing pagan practice which was allowed to continue (2:158).

002:158

"Indeed! Safa and Marwah are among the symbols (Arabic: sha'airi) of God. It is therefore no sin for him who is on pilgrimage to the House or visits it, to go around them (Arabic: Yattawwafa). And he who does good of his own accord, (for him) lo! God is Grateful, Aware"

PURPOSE AND PROCLAMATION

The Hajj was established through Prophet Abraham (pbuh) and had a particular purpose. It was to call people from the furthest locations to an appointed place at a particular time to commemorate and praise the Lord and fulfil certain rites in the name of the Lord.

002.196

"And complete the Hajj and the Umrah for God..."

022.026

"Behold! We gave the site, to Abraham, the site of the House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer)"

022.027

"And proclaim to mankind the pilgrimage. They will come to thee on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every deep ravine"

022.028

"That they may witness the benefits (provided) for them, and celebrate the name of God, through the days appointed, over the cattle which He has provided for them (for sacrifice): then eat from them and feed the distressed ones in want"

022.031

"Turning unto God (only), not ascribing partners unto Him; for whoso ascribes partners to God, it is as if he had fallen from the sky and the birds had snatched him or the wind had blown him to a far-off place"

022.032

"That (is the command). And whoever honours the offerings consecrated to God, it surely is from devotion of the hearts"

Therefore, the purpose of the Hajj is to worship, commemorate and to magnify God alone. Hajj is not performed in the memory of any one great personality, people, or indeed in the name of what tests they may have personally endured.

HAJJ IS A DUTY

003.097 (part)

"...Pilgrimage (Arabic: Hijju) is a duty men owe to God, those who can afford the journey; but if any disbelieves, God stands not in need of any of His creatures"

It is clear by the reference above in context of the ancient sanctuary, that the principle of 'Hajj' (pilgrimage) has been established since the time of Prophet Abraham (pbuh)

Hajj has been a practice that has been followed by successive generations of Prophet Abraham. (pbuh) It was even known to the father in-law of Prophet Moses (pbuh) before Prophet Moses (pbuh) received his Prophethood from God. In the following verse, we note the use of Hajj as a marker to signify a contractual period.

028.027

"He said: "Indeed I intend to marry you to one of these two daughters of mine on condition that you hire thyself to me for (the term of) eight pilgrimages (Arabic: Thamaniya Hijajin). Then if you complete ten, it will be of your own accord, and I would not wish to make it difficult for you. God willing, you will find me of the righteous"

PREPARATION - RIGHTEOUSNESS

002:197 (part)

"...And take a provision (With you) for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me, o ye that are wise”

THE NEW MOON SIGNIFIES THE START OF HAJJ

002:189

“They ask thee, (O Muhammad), of new moons, say: They are fixed seasons for mankind and for the pilgrimage

THERE ARE FOUR MONTHS OF HAJJ

Unknown to many Muslims, there are actually four sacred months of Hajj. Today's Muslims and authorities have whittled it down to specified days in one month with no support from the Quran. Today's practices are dependant only on Islamic secondary sources (e.g. hadeeth).

002:197

For Hajj are the months (Arabic: Ashurun - plural) well known. If anyone undertakes that duty therein, Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good you do, (be sure) God knows it. And take a provision (With you) for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me, o ye that are wise”

009:036

“Lo! the number of the months with God is twelve months by God's ordinance in the day that He created the heavens and the earth. Four (Arabic: Arba'atun) of them are sacred: that is the right religion. So wrong not yourselves in them. And wage war on all of the idolaters as they are waging war on all of you. And know that God is with those who keep their duty (unto Him)”

005.097

"God made the Kaaba, the Sacred House, an asylum of security for men, as also the Sacred Months, the animals for offerings, and the garlands that mark them: That you may know that God has knowledge of what is in the Heavens and on Earth and that God is well acquainted with all things"

TAWAAF (CIRCUMAMBULATION) IS AN ANCIENT RITE INSTITUTED AT THE KA'ABA

Please note there is no mention of the requirement for 'seven circuits' around the Ka'aba. One should do as many circuits as one is able in complete with complete devotion to God.

022.029

"Then let them complete the rites prescribed for them, perform their vows, and circumambulate the Ancient House (Arabic: bil'bait-il-ateeq)."

HONOUR THE SACRED RITES IN THE NAME OF GOD

022.030

"Such (is the Pilgrimage): whoever honours the sacred rites of God, for him it is good in the Sight of his Lord. Lawful to you (for food in Pilgrimage) are cattle, except those mentioned to you (as exception): but shun the abomination of idols, and shun the word that is false"

EACH RIGHTEOUS NATION HAD THEIR OWN RITES TO PERFORM

022:034

"To every people did We appoint rites (of sacrifice), that they might celebrate the name of God over the sustenance He gave them from animals (fit for food). But your god is One God: submit then your wills to Him (in Islam): and give thou the good news to those who humble themselves"

ANIMAL SACRIFICE IS A PART OF HAJJ

022.033

"Therein are benefits for you for an appointed term; and afterward they are brought for sacrifice to the Ancient House (Arabic: bait-il-ateeq)

022.036

"The sacrificial camels / cattle We have made for you as among the symbols from God. In them is (much) good for you. So mention the name of God over them as they line up (for sacrifice): when they are down on their sides (after slaughter), then eat from them and feed the needy who do not ask and the needy who do ask. Thus have We made them (animals) subject to you, that you may be grateful"

God is not in need. The reason for the sacrifice is so that one can glorify God for the bounties He has granted, the guidance He has given and to proclaim good news. It is only one's piety that reaches God, not the meat or its blood.

022.037

"It is not their meat nor their blood, that reaches God: it is your piety that reaches Him: He has thus made them subject to you, that you may glorify God for His Guidance to you and proclaim glad tidings to all who do right"

ASK NOT ONLY OF GOOD IN THIS WORLD BUT ALSO OF THE HEREAFTER AND PROTECTION FROM THE FIRE

002.201-202

"And of them (also) is he who says: "Our Lord! Give to us in the world that which is good and in the Hereafter that which is good; and save us from the punishment of the fire. To these will be allotted what they have earned; and God is quick in account"

HAJJ TAKES A CERTAIN NUMBER OF DAYS TO COMPLETE

002:203

“And remember God during certain number (Arabic: Madudatan) of days. But if any one hastens to leave in two days, there is no blame on him, and if any one stays on, there is no blame on him, that is for him who wards off (evil). Be careful of your duty to God, and know that to Him you will be gathered.

(2) PRE-JAHALIYYA RITES OF WORSHIP ALLOWED TO CONTINUE IN THE NAME OF ONE GOD (PART OF HAJJ)

TAWAAF OF SAFA AND MARWA

Safa and Marwa are never mentioned as an 'ancient rite' within the Quranic context. Safa and Marwa have been mentioned as 'symbols' of God (Not necessarily connected with Prophet Abraham (pbuh)) and the circumambulation of them is allowable if desired. This is a pagan practice which was allowed to continue in the name of God alone.

002:158

"Indeed! Safa and Marwah are among the symbols (Arabic: sha'airi) of God. It is therefore no sin for him who is on pilgrimage to the House (Arabic: hajjan) or visits it (Arabic: i'tamara), to go around them (Arabic: Yattawwafa). And he who does good of his own accord, (for him) lo! God is Grateful, Aware"

ARAFAT AND THE SACRED MONUMENT

It seems clear from a study of the Quranic verses that Arafat and the 'Sacred location' (Mash'ari-lharami) was a place where the Pagans used to perform their rites before Islam was revealed to them. Instead of remembering one God, true remembrance of One God and its purpose was possibly compromised. This is supported by the fact that the Quran confirms that they had previously gone astray. However, the practice itself was allowed to continue but in the name of the One True God alone and for a correct purpose. There is no mention of picking up stones at Muzdalifah to cast at the 'Jamaraat' or any other such rite. This will be picked up later in the article.

Please note the following verse.

002:198-200 (part)

It is no sin for you that you seek the bounty of your Lord. And when you depart from Arafat, then remember God near the sacred monument (Arabic: Mash'ari-lharami). Remember Him as He has guided you, although before you were surely of those who went astray. Then depart from wherever the people depart and ask forgiveness of God. Indeed, God is Forgiving, Merciful. Then when you have completed your acts of worship, then remember God as you remember your forefathers or with greater remembrance...."

The Quran acknowledges a practice involving the movement of multitudes from Arafat to specific locations. The historical relevance has not been deemed appropriate by the Quran to elaborate bar the purpose which is to remember God. Whatever traditions have reached us, there seems to be sanction for it in the Quran by virtue of the above verses.

Some commentators equate the sacred monument with Muzdalifa, some infer a particular place near Arafat, whilst others take a more generic meaning. However, the historical relevance of these places should not be the focal concern. The purpose should be to remember and worship God alone.

SHAVING OR CUTTING OF THE HAIR

There are two main verses which address this topic: 48:27 and 2:196.

In verse 2:196, we note that the shaving of the hair is by implication only and not by way of an explicit instruction i.e. the Quran does not say 'shave your heads after the completion of Hajj or Umrah'. It merely prohibits shaving until a certain condition is met in the context of an expiation of one who is prevented from completing their Hajj or Umrah.

002.196 (part)

"And complete (Arabic: atimmu) the Hajj and the Umrah for God. but if you are prevented (or held back from completing it - Arabic: uh'sirtum), then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease and do not shave your heads until the offering reaches its destination..."

The above interpretation seems to be supported by verse 48:27, which given the mention of security (amin) after fear (takhafuna), indicates that the believers were being prevented from entering the Sacred Mosque. In this context, shaving and the shortening of the hair are mentioned which seems to be in tandem with the advice given in verse 2:196. The additional 'cutting' (wamuqassirina) is mentioned along with 'shaving' (muhalliqina) which is not mentioned in verse 2:196. Therefore 48:27 would be an elaboration which confirms both the practice of shaving and cutting of the hair as permissible rites.

048.027

"Certainly did God fulfil the vision for His Messenger in truth. Surely, you shall enter the Sacred Mosque, if God wills, secure, having shaved your heads (Arabic: muhalliqina) and (hair) shortened (Arabic: wamuqassirina) and without fear. For He knew what you knew not and He granted, besides this, a speedy victory"

It can be argued that shaving the hair is implicit as a part of both Hajj and Umrah or that it is explicit (and hence required) only in the case of an expiation and is not required if one is not prevented from completing the Hajj or Umrah. However, given the expiation required for breaking the prohibition for one not to cut hair until the sacrifice has reached it's destination, it is strongly suggested that shaving / cutting of the hair was a norm and an integral part of marking the end of the pilgrimage.

Another important point to note is that the shaving ('tahliqu' 2:196, 48:27) and cutting ('wamuqassirina' - by implication of verse 48:27) has been prescribed for both men and women by virtue of the instruction to all believers. The verb 'atimmu' (complete) in reference to Hajj and Umrah is in the masculine plural form referring to both men and women, as is the verb 'uh'sir(tum)' (if 'you are held back / prevented').

Traditionally, men proceed to shave their hair while women only cut a few strands of their hair. The absolute restriction which only makes it permissible for men to shave their hair and allows women to only cut a few strands of their hair is based on Islamic secondary sources (e.g. hadeeth) and not the Quran. There are no such restrictions found in the Quran. If verse 48:27 which allows for cutting in addition to shaving is seen as an elaborative verse to the directive in verse 2:196, there is a valid argument that based on 2:196, shaving of the hair would be the 'preference' as it was the primary directive received in 2:196. However, there may be men that would incline for the cutting option (48:27) as there are no doubt many women that would prefer not to have their heads shaved (2:196). Therefore, one can understand and appreciate how tradition has developed given the options granted by the directives of the Quran.

Albeit shaving of the head and cutting of the hair is a practice that has been acknowledged by the Quran as part of Hajj and Umrah, there is no mention in the Quran that it guarantees the removal of one's sins which is a prevalent belief in Muslim thought.

(3) PROHIBITIONS DURING HAJJ

NO LEWDNESS, NO ANGER, NO WICKEDNESS, NO ABUSE

002:197

“For Hajj are the months well known. If anyone undertakes that duty therein, Let there be no obscenity (Arabic: rafatha) , nor wickedness, nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good you do, (be sure) God knows it. And take a provision (With you) for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me, o ye that are wise”

The Arabic word 'rafatha' includes sexual conduct, sexuality, to have intimate relations, to be lewd in conduct or speech and to behave in an obscene manner.

NO HUNTING

005:001 (part)

"...game being unlawful when you are on the pilgrimage (state of ihram)..."

005:095 (part)

"O ye who believe! Kill no wild game while ye are on the pilgrimage (state of ihram)..."

005.096

"To hunt and to eat the fish of the sea is made lawful for you, a provision for you and for those who travel; but to hunt on land is forbidden you so long as ye are on the pilgrimage (state of ihram). And be conscious of your duty to God, to Whom you will be gathered"

(4) EXPIATIONS

IF YOU CANNOT COMPLETE THE HAJJ OR UMRAH FOR SOME REASON

If you cannot complete the Hajj or Umrah, then a sacrifice is compulsory of whatever can be obtained with ease (is'taysara). Furthermore, one cannot shave their heads until the sacrifice reaches its destination. If there is a sickness or an ailment of the head which has necessitated the cutting of the hair before the sacrifice reaches its destination, then a ransom (fidya) is due in one of the following three ways:

  1. Fasting
  2. Charity
  3. Sacrifice

IF ONE IS ABLE AND CAN COMPLETE THE HAJJ AFTER THE UMRAH

Then sacrifice whatever sacrificial animal can be obtained with ease. If you cannot find a sacrificial animal then:

(i) Fast three days during Hajj and seven days when you return (total 10 days)

(Please note that the restriction of not shaving one's head until the sacrifice reaches its destination applies only if one cannot complete the Hajj or Umrah as mentioned in the above section).

002.196

"And complete the Hajj and the Umrah for God. But if you are prevented (From completing it), then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease (Arabic: is'taysara) and do not shave your heads until the offering reaches its destination. And whoever among you is sick or has an ailment of the head must pay a ransom (Arabic: fidya) of fasting or charity or sacrifice (offering). And when you are secure, then whoever took advantage of the Umrah followed by the Hajj then he must make an offering of whatever (can be) obtained with ease of the sacrificial animal. But whosoever cannot find (such offerings), then a fast of three days during the Hajj and seven (days) when you have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whose folk are not present at Sacred Mosque (Arabic: Masjid al-Haram). And fear God and know that God is strict in punishment"

(5) UMRAH

Hajj is performed within the sacred months. Umrah is a visit to the Sacred Mosque to complete certain rites outside these sacred months. The rites required for Umrah can be deduced from the Quran which require a pilgrim only to complete the circumambulation of the Kaaba and the 'tawaaf' of Safa and Marwah. All other rites pertain to Hajj including sacrifice which is only required in Umrah if expiation becomes due (2:196).

AN ANCIENT RITE - CIRCUMAMBULATION OF THE HOUSE

022.029

"Then let them complete the rites prescribed for them, perform their vows, and circumambulate the Ancient House (Arabic: bil'bait-il-ateeq)."

PRE-JAHALIYYA RITE ALLOWED TO CONTINUE IN THE NAME OF GOD

002:158

"Indeed! Safa and Marwah are among the symbols (Arabic: sha'airi) of God. It is therefore no sin for him who is on pilgrimage to the House (Arabic: hajjan) or visits it (Arabic: i'tamara), to go around them (Arabic: Yattawwafa). And he who does good of his own accord, (for him) lo! God is Grateful, Aware"

(6) UNQURANIC RITES - PRACTICES WHICH FIND NO SCRIPTURAL SUPPORT

Sadly, a multitude of pedantic rituals have been instituted in the name of Hajj which find no support from the Quran. They serve little but to provide unnecessary distractions and debates focusing on completing pedantic rituals whilst compromising the spiritual and commemorative element of performing Hajj.

All manner of debates ensue during Hajj. For example, what type of sandals to wear, what part of the foot must be visible, what type of ihram, whether a pin can be worn to tie up the ihram or not, whether a prayer can be combined in Arafat, what types of stones to pick up from Muzdalifah and all manner of unnecessary distractions and rituals which find no support from the Quran.

Muslim preachers garner much support for these unwarranted claims based purely on Islamic secondary sources (e.g. hadeeth). For example, grave claims are made by preachers such as one is forgiven all their sins at Arafat, or after the hair is cut (like a new born baby) etc. Only God knows whose sins will be forgiven and from whom the Hajj will be accepted. One can only ask for forgiveness with sincerity and humility. No mortal can force the will of God.

The following are beliefs and rites which find no support from the scripture of God but have become the mainstay of Muslim tradition and practice.

The Quran provides detailed requirements of what is expected from Hajj. This is the guidance the Prophet followed. It is inconceivable that a Prophet of God would have invented practices in the name of Hajj not sanctioned by the Quran.

069:044-48

“And if the messenger were to invent any sayings in Our name, We should certainly seize him by his right hand, And We should certainly then cut off the artery of his heart: Nor could any of you withhold him (from Our wrath). But verily this is a Message for the God-fearing”

(7) IHRAM (HAJJ GARMENTS OR A PILGRIMS SACRED STATE)

While women remain free to wear whatever suitable garments they choose, men wear specific garments during Hajj. There is no mention of the requirement to wear any specific garments for men or women. The Quran only mentions a 'state' of 'huruman', a condition of a pilgrim's sacredness.

The word 'hurumun' comes from the root word 'HRM' which means to prohibit, deprive and in this context, to be in a state of prohibition.

005:001 (part)

"...game being unlawful when you are on the pilgrimage (state of ihram - Arabic: hurumun)..."

Illustration - Joseph Islam

005:095 (part)

"O ye who believe! Kill no wild game while ye are on the pilgrimage (state of ihram - Arabic: hurumun)..."

005.096

"To hunt and to eat the fish of the sea is made lawful for you, a provision for you and for those who travel; but to hunt on land is forbidden you so long as ye are on the pilgrimage (state of ihram -Arabic: huruman). And be conscious of your duty to God, to Whom you will be gathered"

Albeit hunting is usually an action performed by men, we note in the above verse 5:95, a directive to all believers not to kill game while they are in a state of 'hurumun'. If an 'ihram' was a reference to a particular garb exclusive to men, then by virtue of the above verse, this interpretation would become problematic which assumes 'hurumun' for both genders.

To assert that with respect to women, their 'ihram' is simply a reference to any appropriate clothing is unpersuasive. Such an assertion is merely an attempt to reconcile an existing practice which requires men to be clad in specific clothing in contrast to women, who can wear what they desire whilst conforming to expected decency.

Unfortunately, today many unnecessary discussions ensue with regards the ihram garments for men with a view to ascertain what is and what is not allowable. Lack of pins often finds men losing their garments exposing themselves to others while having no recourse to any undergarments.

Satan no doubt, would find any opportunity to cause lewdness. Not only has he stripped man of wearing any undergarments during Hajj, but also of any other safety nets to protect one from exposing themselves to others. Such vulnerability remains in tension with the spirit of the Quran which encourages precaution and encourages modesty.

In my own personal experience in Hajj, I have seen men become stark naked in the open when their ihram has become unravelled in front of men, women and children.

"Corrupt doctrines are embraced as the very truth of God by the deluded; and one way or other, directly or consequentially, they lead on practice, and that with the highest security and confidence, as if they were very truths indeed.

The devil then hath this great advantage by error, that if he can but corrupt the minds of men, especially in the more weighty and fundamental points of religion, then by a great ease and without any more labour he hath gained them to the practice of whatsoever these corrupted principles lead unto.

... Thus he conquers parties and multitudes, as a victorious general takes cities and whole countries, by surrender ..." [2]

FINAL THOUGHTS

The Quran provides comprehensive details with what is required during Hajj. Unfortunately some of today's pedantic focus on rituals are unrecognisable in the light of the Quran but are blindly followed.

The Quran remains the only guidance to man which can distinguish between right and wrong for matters of true deen.

025.001

“Blessed is He Who has revealed to His slave the criterion of right and wrong (Arabic: Furqan), that he may be a warner to the peoples”

REFERENCES

[1] The Bible, New Testament, King James Version, 1 Peter, Chapter 5, Verse 8

[2] GILPIN. R; MILLER. J.C, Treatise on Satan's Temptations, Kessinger Publishing, Part II, Chapter 1, Page 137